LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
English : Maize
Hindi : Muttar
Motor chana hi chi thum lai a awm a, India ramah hian chihnih kan ching ber a. Pakhat chu garden pea an tih (Pisum sativum var. hortense), a mu pawh hring leh sawng chuar tip tep, thlum sak mai a ni a, a hring emaw a rova chawhmeh atana ei atante, atin a siam atante a ni a. Chana kawm hring no hi an lova man a man hle. Hetiang chana hian nitrogen leitha pek athatpui hle mai a, pek tur zat chu hectare khat hmunah kg 50-80 vel a ni.
Pahnihna chu field pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense) kan tih hi a ni a, a mu chang, be anga kan ei hi a ni. Hetiang mu hi chu a mum a, a ni loh pawn kawki deuh emaw a nia, a rawng pawh a var deuh a, a mu hi chang deuh tak a ni. A kung hi a chang kan ti dawn emawni khawkheng leh vurtla te a tuar theih viau laiin nitrogen leitha pek te, tuipek leh thildang eng engemaw han pekte hi lang sar in anthatpui chiam lo emawni chu tihtur a ni.
A pathumna chu mawi leh duhawm ang reng tak, a kung pawh sang leh inherh vial deuh, a par pawh rimtui leh rimthlum lam a ni a, amaherawhchu, hlawkpui vak chi erawh chu a ni lo.
Kum 2004-05 atanga 2009-10 chhunga Mizorama Motor chana kan chin dan leh thar zat :
Table 13 :
Thar hlawk dan (Qtl/Ha) |
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SIK LEH SA :
Motor chana chi hian atiahna atan 22℃- 25℃vel boruak a duh a, a hnuah a par lai leh a inseam lai velin boruak vawt leh temperature hniam deuh 15℃ - 18℃ inkar vel a tawk a, vurtla erawh chu a thihpui thei a, atha lo. Boruak hnawng leh chhum tam bawk si hian lawng leh vutbuak natna (fungal disease) a thlen duh a, ruah tlem leh ni engtha hi thlaiin a ngeih thung.
LEILUNG :
Motor chana chinna atan hian leitha, tui tlin theih lohna leh luan ral mai theihna hmun hi atha, tuitling leh tui chim erawh chu athan lenna leh hmasawn zel nan atha lo hle mai a. A chinna atan a lei duh tawk chu pH 5.5 - 7.5 a ni.
A CHINNA HMUN BUATSAIH :
Motor chana chinna tur chu thlasik thlai dang chinna tur ang vela siam leh buatsaih a tawk, lei tih dip leh uluk lutuk a ngai lem lova, amaherawhchu, hnim leh a hmalama thlai chin (Kharif) seng tawhna bul erawh chu fai taka then atha. Ruah vantla ring a chana kan chin dawn chuan lei leh lai hian Heptachlor emaw Carbofuron granule emaw leia theh atha, hei hian tlumpi lakah thlai a veng ang. Tui lak nena chawm tur anih chuan a hmun buatsaih laiin uluk taka lei hrut rual tur a ni.
THLAI CHIN :
A chin hun - India ramah chuan thlasik laia chin a ni ber a (Rabi), chu chu October thla tir atanga November thla laihawl vel hi a ni. November thla chawlhkar khatna hitha ber a sawi an awm. Tlangramah March thla laihawl atanga May thla tawp hi chin huntha ni a ngai an awm. Boruak leh lei hnawn dan emaw ruahsur dan pawh a inang lo thei a. Chuvangin mahni huan leh lo leh khaw awmdan thlir chungin chin atha.
Thlai chi mamawh zat - Thlai chi mamawh zat hi hectare khat hmunah kg 60-75 vel a ni a, chu chu acre khat hmuna kg 24-30 ang vel a ni. Thar rang tan a chi a ngai tam deuhin an sawi.
A chin dan - Chana hi an theh deuh ber a, a tuh a tuh emaw leilehna hmanga hrut khuarah a chi an thlak bawkthin. Chana chi zankhat tuia chiah hnua chinin atiaktha duh bik. Rhizobium culture a sawisak hnu a chin atha.
A chi hi kan theh lo anih chuan tlar leh bi mumal tak neia chin atha. A tlar leh tlar inkar hi ft 1 leh ft 2 inkar a tawk a, a bi inkar erawh chu inches 2-3 inkar vel ni sela. Chana hniam chi (dwarf variety) chu a tlar kar hi zing deuh sela, chu chu ft 1 leh 1 1⁄2 inkar vel tihna a ni. A bi inhlat zawng hi a chinna lei dur dan leh nghet dan a zirin tih zin leh tih hlat deuh theih a ni.
Source : Lalthanzuala
MSc.(Ag) ,Agro, PG Dip.Agmark
Thlai chin dan
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Mizoram
Page No : 72 - 77
First Edition-2011
VARIETIES :
Thlai engah pawh hian varietytha, thar hlawk thlan leh chin hram tum tur a ni. Kan chinna ram a ngeih atul bawk. Heng variety hi ching ila atha. A dang dap chhuah tur pawh a awm tho ang, mahse, seed company tam tak zingah company rintlak deuh atanga thlai chi lei tum hram atha.
1. Early Badger : A chi sawng leh chuar, a kung hniam (dwarf), ni 55-65 a thar thei, chana thar rang chi a ni. A kawm hring deuh, inch 3 vela sei a ni a, mu 7-8 vel a nei. A kawm hringin hectare khatah qtl 80-100 a thar thei.
2. Arkel : A kung hniam, thar hlawk, a chi sawng leh chuar, thar rang, a kawm hringa seng theih. A kawm hi inch 3-4 a sei, mu 5-6 vel nei a ni. Hectare khatah a kawm hringin qtl 70-100 a thar thei. A kawm hring emaw, a mu hring, vegetable atana chin a ni ber.
3. Boneville : A chi sawng leh chuar, a thuaha a kawm inseam (double podder), tlema sang deuh (medium tall), ni 85 a thar thei a
4. Early Giant : Thar rang, a kung a sang a, a kawm hring deuh, a rah sawng leh chuar a ni
5. Alderman : Thar rang, a kung sang a, a kawm hi a ngil a, inches 3 1⁄2 laia sei a ni.
6. HUDP-15 (Malviya) : Ni 120-125 a seng theih, hectare khata zauva qtl 20-25 thar thei a ni.
7. Rachana : Ni 120-130 ah a thar a, hectare khatah qtl 22-30 a thar thei, a mu hi a mumin a var. Powery mildew natna a do thei.
LEITHA PEK :
Thlai kawm nei dang ang bawkin chana hian nitrogen pai leitha pek langsarin athatpui hran lo, amaherawhchu, phosphorus leitha pek chu athatpuiin a lang hle mai a, potash pek pawh lei sanghet laiah chuan a ngeih ve viau. Lei sanghet lo emaw leithaw deuh hmunah chuan zinc tlakchham vangin thlai an lo eng deuh a, anthan athu a, nasa takin a thar a tlahniamthin. Chuvangin thlaitha tak nei turin ran zun-ek leitha ton 15-20 leh nitrogen kg 20-30 hectare khat hmunah pe ila, hei bakah zinc sulphate pawh kg 15-20 pe thei ila atha. Ran zun-ek leitha leh hnimhnahtawih leitha te, fertilizer kan pek tur zawng zawng hi lei hrutkhuar (furrow) inches 4-6 a thuk, thlai chi aia inches 1.5 vela thukah pek tur a ni.
Garden pea hian nitrogen pek athatpui em avangin field pea kan pek aia sang deuh, hectare khat a zauva kg 60-80 vel pek atha. Leitha dang erawh chu field pea pek zat kha pe ve ila a tawk mai a. Rhizobium culture a chana chi bual (treat) hmasak phawt a chin hi thlai zung bawk (nodulation)insiamna atante, a kung chakna (vigour) leh a thar (grain) a lo hlawkna turin atha em em.
Thlai chaw, major elements kan tih bakah sulphur hi pek atha, thlaiin a tlakchham chuan a zunginthan a pe thei lova, kawng dangah pawh buaina a awm bawkthin avangin hectare khat hmunah kg 10 tal chu pe ila a tharin hlawk phah riauva hriat a ni.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus leh Potash pek tur kan sawi takte pe tura leitha pek ngai zat chu hetiang hi a ni.
Table 14
TUI PEK :
Thlai chin laiin lei a hnawngtha tur a ni, hetia lei a hnawnthat hian thlai chi atiaktha duh. Atiah hnuah pawh nasa vak lovin tui vawi hnih pe ila, chu chu chin atanga ni 45-50 naah leh ni 80 na velah nise, a nih loh pawhin a vawi khatna hi a par laiin pek ni sela, a vawihnihna chu a kawm a inhampuartanah pek leh tur a ni, hei hi a mu insiam tirh lai tihna a ni. A tui mamawh hun lai kan sawi emaw tuipek hun laia ruah a sur hlauh chuan pek a ngailo. Tui chim emaw tui tling emaw hi a ngaithei lova, darkar reilote chhung tui chim pawhin nasa takin thlai a tichhethin a, chuvangin tuitling theilo tura chana hmun chu siam tur. Ruahsur leh khawdur a inzawm phawt chuan natna a tuar zui duh hle a (fungal disease), hei hi chik taka thlithlaia damdawia enkawl pawh a ngaithin. Vur a tla emaw tla tura kan ngaih chuan tlemte tui pek atha, vur tla hi thlai hian a haw viau mai si a. Champhai zawla thlasik thlai chingtute chuan thlasik thlai rau rauvah motor chana hian thlasik khawvat a ngam ber an ti. Thenkhat chuan tui pek tur a awma khua a ro bawk chuan ni 10 dan vela pek atha an ti bawk.
HLO THLAWH :
Thlai dang ang bawkin motor chana hian hnim dip a ngaitheilo hle mai a. A naupan lai, chin atanga ni 35-40 vel hi hnim dip a pawi zual lai a ni a, a hnu lamah chuan amah pawh a lo lianin hnim pawh a zap nem ve thung tawh thin. Hlo hi thlai chi thlak atanga ni 30 leh 45 velah thlo ila, hlothlawh a buaithlak chuan hlo tur hman pawh atha mai. Hnim avang hian a thar za a 25-80 (%) a kiam thei. Hectare khat hmuna Pendimethalin kg. 0.75-1.0 kah leh thlai chi thlak atanga ni 25-50 inkaratum khat hlo thlawh hi motor chana, mung, urd leh dailuah sen hmunah a sawtin atha em em. Hlo tur hman awm dang leh chu Fluchloralin, Oxidiazon, Metalochlor te an ni. An vai hian hnim chawr hmaa hman chi an ni.
A ZAMNA SIAM :
A zamna siam hi insenso thlak tak a nih avangin siam a ni meuh lova. Chuktuah huan vela a sang chi chin erawh chu an siam sakthin. Mau phel leh thirzai ten an siam sak a, thlai thlahnih vela upa anihin an siam sakthin. A zamna siamsak erawh chu a thar hlawk phah hlethin.
THLAI VENHIM :
Natna : Motor chana hi natna chi hrang hrang vuai (wilt) a zung lawng lehtawih (root rot) leh vutbuak (powdery mildew) natna ten a beihthin avangin ven leh tihdam angaithin a, heng a hnuai a mite hi hriat atha.
Wilt leh Rot atan :
i) Wilt haw lo chi thlana chin tur.
ii) Khawlum leh hnawng hetiang natna duhzawng tak pumpelh tura tlema chin tlai deuh tur.
iii) Thlai chi te chu Cerasan emaw Captan a bualsa chin tur. Thlai chi kg 1 tan damdawi gm 2 emaw 2 1⁄2 a tawk.
iv) Crop rotation a ngai, chu chu thlai hrang hrang chin thlakthin tur tihna.
Powdery Mildew:
i) Powdery Mildew haw lo (resistant) variety, Rachana leh a dangte chin tur.
ii) Thlai chin tlai loh hram tur.
iii) Thlaite chu Wettable sulfur 0.3%, Sulfex, Elosal leh a dangte in kah tur. Vawihnih vawithum kah angaithin. A hmasa ber chu natna a lo lan tirha kah tur a ni a, a vawihnihna chu kah hmasak atanga chawlhkar hnihna, a vawi thumna chu a la ngai anih chuan kah hnuhnun atanga chawlhkar hnihna ah bawk kah leh nise.
RANNUNG CHIMAWM :
Motor chana hi rannungin a tichhe lo viau mai a. A tichhetu berte chu Shoot fly, Caterpillar, Pea weevil leh Aphid te an ni.
Shootfly leh Caterpiller te hi Thiodan 0.05% emaw Rogor, Nuvacron a chawlhkar 2 dana kah tur a ni. Vawihnih vawithum kah angai mai thei.
Aphid hian January thla atang velin a khawihtanthin a, a hmuiin chana a mi tui a hipthin. Malathion, Cypermethrine emaw Contact leh Systemic insecticide a kah atha.
Pea weevil hi a kawm novah tuiin a nget khan a chi bei zuiin tah chuan a awm reng tawhthin. Systemic insecticide Rogorte, Nuvacron leh a dangte pawh hman atha.
THLAI SENG :
Seng hun dik taka seng hi thlai thar hlawk leh hlawk lohna hrilhtu a ni pakhat a, seng hnu kawlthat rei theih dan pawh hei hian a rel thei. A kawma a mu a lo khah emaw a mu (chi) a lo ruh deuh hnu a rawng pawh hringduk atanga hringdal deuha a inthlak hunin seng a hun tlangpui. A rah emaw a kawmno eitura seng leh a rahro ei emaw hralh tura seng hun a inang lova, a hman dan tur thu hmunah pawh thar rang leh thar tlaiahte a dang thei bawk. A tlangpui thuin thar rang ni 45-60 ah, a laihawl ni 75 velah thar tlai ni 100-120 velah seng a hun.
THLAI THAR HLAWK DAN :
Variety hrang hrang a inang lo nachungin a kawm hring nena bukin thar rang chu hectare 1 hmunah qtl 30-40 a thar thei. Thar tlaite, thar rang leh a tlai inkar a laihawl ho hi a thar hlawk deuhva qtl 60-70 a thar thei.
A MU HRING KHEHSA DAHTHAT DAN :
A mu hring khehsa hi 0℃ah leh 90-95 % relative humidity (a hnawn lam) ah chawlhkar hnih a vawnthat theih a, vur densawm zingah chawlhkar 2-3 a kawl theih bawk.